什(shen)么是(shi)拋光(guang)磨料？從(cong)字面意思上可以知道拋光(guang)磨料是(shi)一種用(yong)來(lai)打磨工件(jian)(jian)并能使工件(jian)(jian)光(guang)滑(hua)且能提高工件(jian)(jian)亮度的材(cai)料。
研(yan)磨(mo)是超精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中一(yi)種重要(yao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)法，其優點(dian)是加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度高(gao)，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)材料(liao)范圍(wei)廣。但傳(chuan)統研(yan)磨(mo)存在(zai)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效率低(di)、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本高(gao)、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度和加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)不穩(wen)定(ding)等(deng)缺點(dian)，這使(shi)得傳(chuan)統研(yan)磨(mo)應用受到了(le)(le)一(yi)定(ding)限制(zhi)(zhi)。研(yan)磨(mo)拋光機的(de)誕(dan)生(sheng)解決了(le)(le)傳(chuan)統研(yan)磨(mo)存在(zai)的(de)絕大部分缺點(dian)，提高(gao)了(le)(le)研(yan)磨(mo)技(ji)術水平，在(zai)保證研(yan)磨(mo)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度和加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質量(liang)（達(da)到了(le)(le)納(na)米級）的(de)同時，還(huan)顯著(zhu)降低(di)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本，提高(gao)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)效率，使(shi)研(yan)磨(mo)技(ji)術進(jin)一(yi)步實(shi)用化，使(shi)研(yan)磨(mo)技(ji)術的(de)推(tui)廣應用加(jia)快(kuai)了(le)(le)步伐。促進(jin)了(le)(le)我國精(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術、先進(jin)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)技(ji)術的(de)進(jin)步，增強我國在(zai)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)領域的(de)競爭實(shi)力。
那么什么是(shi)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)研(yan)磨材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)呢？研(yan)磨材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)涂覆(fu)類拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)磨料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、拉絲類拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)磨料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)類磨料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、研(yan)磨液(ye)、光(guang)(guang)(guang)亮劑(ji)、清洗(xi)劑(ji)等等拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)所用(yong)(yong)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的總稱，主要對工(gong)(gong)件(jian)表面(mian)(mian)進行(xing)打磨、拉絲和拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)。這里我(wo)們(men)介(jie)紹的是(shi)專門用(yong)(yong)于(yu)金屬和非(fei)金屬零部件(jian)、首飾、工(gong)(gong)藝品等研(yan)磨拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)加工(gong)(gong)時所用(yong)(yong)的材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)表面(mian)(mian)形狀(zhuang)有(you)平面(mian)(mian)，內、外圓柱(zhu)面(mian)(mian)和圓錐面(mian)(mian)，凸、凹面(mian)(mian)，螺紋，齒面(mian)(mian)及其他復雜型面(mian)(mian)的工(gong)(gong)件(jian)表面(mian)(mian)去毛刺(ci)、飛邊、氧化皮和拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)處理。研(yan)磨材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)一般都具有(you)較高的硬度、韌性和規則形狀(zhuang)。
棕(zong)(zong)剛(gang)(gang)玉就(jiu)是拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)研磨材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)一(yi)種，俗稱拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)磨料(liao)(liao)。棕(zong)(zong)剛(gang)(gang)玉磨料(liao)(liao)是研磨材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，這種材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)一(yi)般(ban)用于振動拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、離心(xin)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、渦流拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)、滾(gun)動拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)(deng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)器中(zhong)(zhong)，把工件(jian)和棕(zong)(zong)剛(gang)(gang)玉磨料(liao)(liao)放進機(ji)(ji)(ji)器，然后加入(ru)研磨液、水和清洗(xi)劑等(deng)(deng)(deng)在機(ji)(ji)(ji)器中(zhong)(zhong)滾(gun)動拋(pao)(pao)(pao)磨,讓研磨材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)和工件(jian)磨切，從而達到將工件(jian)上的(de)(de)毛刺、飛邊、氧化皮(pi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)去(qu)除的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。研磨拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用的(de)(de)拋(pao)(pao)(pao)光(guang)磨料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)品(pin)種繁多，有棕(zong)(zong)剛(gang)(gang)玉，白(bai)剛(gang)(gang)玉，氧化鋁(lv)，高鋁(lv)瓷，高頻瓷，鋼球等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。各(ge)種磨料(liao)(liao)扮演著各(ge)自(zi)不同的(de)(de)角色，因材(cai)(cai)選(xuan)用。
研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)液(ye)也屬研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)材料(liao)中的(de)(de)主材之一。在研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程中必須加入適量的(de)(de)研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)液(ye)，以使(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)料(liao)與工(gong)件在磨(mo)(mo)(mo)擦過(guo)(guo)程中起到更好的(de)(de)效果，同時研磨(mo)(mo)(mo)液(ye)還對(dui)工(gong)件表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)油污起到很好的(de)(de)清(qing)洗作用。
既然是拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)那就(jiu)離不(bu)開光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)分堿性(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)、中(zhong)性(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)、酸(suan)性(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)。在(zai)對如(ru)不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼制(zhi)品、黑色金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)制(zhi)品、塑料制(zhi)品等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)所有工件拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)時均必須加入光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)，才能取到光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)效果(guo)。使用(yong)(yong)什么樣(yang)的光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)以(yi)拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)工件的材質而定(ding)，各種(zhong)性(xing)質的光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)各種(zhong)不(bu)同的材質，在(zai)使用(yong)(yong)時最好咨詢光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)生(sheng)產廠家的技術人(ren)員，以(yi)免對您造成不(bu)必要(yao)的浪費。一般來(lai)說堿性(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)對金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)效果(guo)來(lai)看(kan)稍差(cha)于(yu)酸(suan)性(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)，但(dan)堿性(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)在(zai)拋(pao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)金屬(shu)(shu)(shu)類(lei)工件時與酸(suan)性(xing)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)亮(liang)(liang)(liang)劑(ji)(ji)相比有不(bu)易(yi)銹(xiu)蝕的優(you)點。
